Youngstown News, 1909-02-19

              THE YOUNGSTOWN NEWS VOL. XXIII. NO. 12. YOUNGSTOVVN, NIAGARA N. *~ FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1909. $1.00 PER YEAR IK ADVANCE. SOCIAL LIFE OF THE WASHINGTONS  MHiiN Washington became President of the United States, both he and Lady Washington, as she was generally •called, took naturally the chief place as the social lenders of the new-born nation. It was still a stately age, an age of rich brocades, of powdered hair, of stiff and rustling silks, brought at great expense from over seas, an age which has been the delight of the historical painter and the writer. Everything, architecture, -customs and ways of living, furnished a fit setting for the two stately figures who have left an Indelible impress ■on our history. Washington was one of the tallest men of his time, extremely dignified, accustomed to command, and to tue beet social life of the colonies. His wife was r. woman of fine presence, of quiet dignity, and with a full consciousness of all the demands of her position as the first lady of the land. While neither attempted an extravagant style of living, they both felt that they stood as the representatives of the nation to the outer world, and when they received distinguished foreigners and diplomats, their receptions, in both the temporary capitals court receptions abroad. Sometimes, on great occasions, the President and Mrs. Washington received together, but both had separate levee days, when they received the people of the official world and also the gentry of the State. Lady Washington received on Friday evenings. The guests came early and departed by nine. She was flfty■even when she'came to New York, and this is the age she appears in the picture of Lady Washington's Reception. The portrait by Robert Edge Pine was painted about this time. The one by Stuart, which is the most popular of her portraits, and has been reproduced so often, was painted about ten years later. The Washingtons hired one of the best colonial houses in New York, and the gentry of the city crowded to her first "at home," if we give it the modern name. Footmen in the Washington livery stood at the curb to open the doors of the gaily painted coaches, while others stood in the hall and announced the names of the guests. Every one, on entering, advanced bowing to the head of the room, where the hostess stood dressed in brocade-flowered silk, her hair powdered and fastened with jeweled pins. After conversing a few moments, the guests would step to the right or left to make room for others, always, until some distance away, keeping the face turned partly in Lady Washington's direction. A brilliant assembly it was after the greater part of tho company had arrived. There was Mrs. George Clinton, wife of the Governor of the State of New York; Lady Stirling, wife of the gallant patriot general, Lord Stirling, who, b> his brilliant charges at the Battle of Long Island, had won undying military fame; there was the stately Marchioness de and Lady Temple, the American-born wife of the British Minister to the United States; and Lady Catherine Duer and her sister. Lady Mary Watts, daughters of Lady Stirling; and Mrs. Gerry, the beautiful wife of - the Senator from Massachusetts; Mrs. ) Van Rensselaer, wife of the Patron of s Rensselaer wick; Mrs. Wlnthrop and > Sophia Chew and many others, all In f the wide-skirted costume of the day, ) variegated in color as the hues of the i rainbow. They wore powder and l patches and the hair dressed high in 1 the way that gives such charm to the . old colonial portraits that have come f down to us. The gentlemen who attended were 1 no less brilliantly attired than the > ladles, for the coat of funereal broad-1 cloth with the ugly trousers had not J come into vogue. They wore coats s of blue, black, light brown, green or crimson velvet. Thomas Jefferson, t it is recorded, had a strong liking , for coats of scarlet velvet, and skyblue knee breeches. The smallclothes were of satin, white, black and brown being the favorite colors of the day. The knee-breeches buckled at the knee, most of the buckles being of precious metal and set with brilliants. White silk stockings were worn with low shoes, garnished with gold or silver buckles. They wore their hair powdered and "clubbed" at the back. Most of them wore small sllver-hllted court swords. The diplomats appeared in the heavily embroidered court costumes of their respective countries, while the officers of the little standing army appeared in their natty buff and blue, General Knox, the Secretary of War, making an Imposing figure. Washington, at his wife's receptions, did not stand by her side, but ' mingled as a guest among the com! pany, making it a rule to converse ' briefly with every one present before they left. On these occasions he wore a light-colored coat and fancy waistcoat, and black small-clothes, r> nd appeared without a sword. Refreshments of plum cake, coffee and tea were always served under the direction of Fraunces, who had charge of the culinary department of the Washington household. When Mrs. Washington held an afternoon levee, a few of the guests were invited to remain to the family dinner, which was served by Fraunces, gorgeous in livery, and with his hair as thickly powdered as that of any of the guests. At Washington's own levee, which occurred on Tuesday afternoons, the President dressed in "a black-velvet coat and breeches, his hair in full dress, powdered and gathered behind in a silk bag, yellow gloves, and holding a cocked hat with a cockade on it, and the edge adorned with a black feather about an Inch deep. He wore knee and shoe-buckles, and a long sword with a finely wrought and polished steel hilt; the coat worn over the blade, the scabbard of polished leather." William Sullivan, who attended many of these receptions, has left us a graphic pen picture of one of them. "At three o'clock, or at any time within a quarter of an hour afterward, the visitor was conducted to the dining room, from which all seats had been removed for the time. On entering, he saw Washington, who stood always in front of the fireplace, with hie face toward the door of entrance. The visitor was conducted to him, and he required to have the name so distinctly- pronounced that he could hear it. He had the very uncommon faculty of associating a man's name and his personal appearance so durably in his memory as to be able to call one by name, who made him a second visit. He received his visitor -with a dignified bow, while his hands were so disposed o( as to indicate that the salutation was not to be accompanied with shaking hands. The ceremony never occurred in these visits, even with his moat near friends, that no distinction might be made. As vlsit-l ore came in, they formed in a circle] around the room. At a quarter past three the door was closed and tin circle formed for that day. He then began on the right, and spoke to  visitor, calling him by name, and «•' changing a few words with him, When he had completed bis clrcufct,, he resumed his first position, and tq» visitors approached him In succession bowed and retired. By four o'clock; the ceremony was over." ~ When Washington drove out it wan in a magnificent carriage painted yel«i low, with gilt decorations, and witfc.j little cupids on the panels. On th%] centre of the door was the  ton coat of arms. Four cream ool4j ored horses obeyed the guiding handj of the colored driver, who was-] dressed in livery of the Washington] colors, trimmed with much goUfl braid. The picture given in this ls-1 sue shows the coaV.h as It appeared! when brought out about fifty year*-] after Washington's death. Besides receptions, there were many formal dinners given by thej President and his wife and other en-1 tertalnments. While in New Yorkj both were fond of taking trips for a day or two over on to Long Island,] through Flatbush, Hempstead and Flushing, or up the Hudson, into Westchester County, to be free for a time from the cares of their position. Both Washington and his wife were' regular in their church attendance. They had a pew in old St. Paul'* Episcopal Church, whioh still stands on Broadway. Members of his staff! usually accompanied the President to and from church. When they went to Philadelphia their social life continued on much the same lines as before. Even after Washington's retirement from the presidency a constant stream of visitors to Mount Vernon kept him in touch with all the States and with Europe. Here be led the life of a dignified country gentleman, but never losing interest in any part of the nation he had served so well.—The Christian Herald.The oldest university in the world is at Pekin, China, and is called the "School for the Sons of the Empire." Its antiquity is very great, and a granite register, consisting of storVe col-, iiiiins. contains the names of 60,000 graduates. • ' THE FAMOUS "WASHINGTON CARRIAGE," IN WHICH OUR FIRST PRESIDENT AND MRS. WASHINGTON USUALLY WENT DRIVING.  The carriage appeared as above in the procession of the United Order of American Mechanics in New York, February 22, 1872. The national councillor of the order is standing by the coach. Washington always took great pride in his carriage horses. It is said that at night the white chargers were covered with a paste made of whiting, wrapped in cloths and given clean straw to sleep in. In the morning they were rubbed until they shone like satin, their hoofs were blacked and polished, their mouths washed, their teeth picked, and their trappings were of leopard skin. The grooms began their work at early dawn, and at sunrise the negro Bishop, who was master of the stables, appeared with a muslin pocket handkerchief and rubbed it over the glossy sides of the horses. If the least bit of dust or dirt came off on the handkerchief the stable boys were severely reprimanded. WASHINGTON'S CARRIAGE, BUILT FOR HIM DURING THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL TERM. At Valley Forge. teliliiKlon's Farewell to Officers. Oβ December 4 the officers of the K met in Fraunce's tavern to bid ■tchlef farewell. Washington, as \*i rase and faced them, could not fcrol his voice. He lifted a glass fine and said. "With a heart full F? an<* gratitude, I now take my ybf you, most devoutly wishing ■bur latter days may be as pros-1 and happy as your former I have been glorious and honor■t[fe."f. They drank In silence, and Stfngton said, "I can not come to Mjß you and take my leave, but Hse obliged if you will come and Htne by the hand." Up they E one by one, and one by one WSlipngton, his eyes filled with tjiii embraced thorn and said fare* From the tavern they followed him to the ferry, where he entered his barge. As the boat moved away he rose and lifted his hat. His officers returned the salute in silence, and all was over.—From "The Story of the Revolution." Conclusion, by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, in Scribner's.The figures show that, the per capita wealth of this country Is $1310.11. THE WASHINGTON MASQUERADE PARTY. . —From American Horn* MonUUjr. TEACHING THRIFT IN JAPAN. Sew Things-in Farming—Organizations For Young People. Not only is Japan encouraging agrl- Sulture through the englneery of model farm experimental stations, lectures and what not. but likewise it Is attempting to improve the lot of the agriculturist. There is going on In Japan to-day a big work of uplifting, to employ our sorely tried American phrase. Foremost in this movement is a so:lety known as the Hotokukwal, which may be translated as the so- I :iety for moral and economic ad' vancement. Its main streitgth is being put forth in improving rural conitttona and in making life in the I rural communities more worth the i living through the extension of \ amusements, charities, education, soj cial features of one kind and another ] and by the development of agrlculi tural enterprises. It has organized the young people everywhere and started branches in about 210,000 of the smaller hamlets ! and villages of Japan. The Hotokukj wai is assisted in its laudable efforts by the Government of Japan, which gives It money from time to time; by the heads of the various prefectures and. by the villages themselves. ! It has built up an agricultural society In every prefectural district, separate >nes in the larger towns, and put over all of these a central agricultural agency in Toklo to aid and direct them. If any of the members of the numerous btanches choose to visit one of the big cities they are conducted by a representative of the organization through its schools, factories and workshops and shown its j most interesting sights. The society I likewise issues a number of periodicals and papers for the instruction and Intellectual awakening of its members. The Agricultural Assoclai tion of Motosu district recognized the advantage of using the Influence oi Buddhist priests for improvement in agriculture. So in August, 1900, seventy Buddhist priests of various sects were called together and Instructed how to cultivate rice, barley and vegetables and how to hunt the injurious Insects. The attempts proved successful and the results were remarkably good. To foster the spirit of Industry and economy and to .gflflpj "»%»itfcAMih facture of wicker lunch baskets war started among common, school students of Namazu village. The waget were to be either used for school expenses or deposited as postal sav ings. The material being waste piecei discarded in the making of wickei trunks, this work U proving r#rj profltabl« and hopeful. Shimo-Nakajlma Tillage abounds in deep, muddy rice fields, which are suitable for the growth of leeches. Taking advantage of this, the students of the common school were made to gather leeches for the purpose of encouraging the spirit of industry and economy among them. The work was started in June, 1904, and in that year almost 3000 leeches were caught and sold, about fifteen yen ($7.50) being made. In 1905 about 5000 were caught and more than thirty yen ($l5) was made. Each time the money was deposited as a joint saving. In 1906 more than 10,000 leeches were gathered. The children expect a greater 'income ai well as a larger demand, and arc much Interested. — Chicago Dallj - News. Cats and Literary Lights. Everybody knows how gruff Dγ, Johnson used to go out to get oysters for his cat, Hodge, and how Scott lamented the death of Hinse, hie "ac qualntance and, in some eort, friend of fifteen years;" how cats tyrannized over popes and English prelates. Tin Met of the cat's lovers is long and cosmopolitan. The songs sung ahou' her by such poets as Arnold, Oray, Swinburne and Cowper would maki a sizable cat anthology; the prose studies of her by such as Gautler, Che, teaubriand, Zola and Agnes Reppliei would fill a library shelf. Pusi counts, besides, among her moderr friends literary people like Harriet Preecott Spofford, Mary E. Wilkini Freeman, Ella Wheeler Wllcox, Marl Twain, Louise Chandler Moulton ant Julian Hawthorne. And in additioi to this friendship of individuals then hag come about in recent years a special exaltation, some faint re-estab llshment, on a new basis, of her old Egyptian standing.—Virginia Roderick, In Everybody's. A "Case." Professor and Mrs. Hartley were oc a train bound for New wher* Yale's president was to speak beforf a national convention. He made us< of the hour and twenty minutes he spent in the train by rehearsing hii speech in a- low voice, using his handi to emphasize certain passages. A kindly matron who was sitting directly behind Mr. and Mrs. Hadley. and who had been watching and list enlng, leaned forward, and. tapping Mrs. Hadley on the shoulder, nld feelingly: "You have my sincere sympathy, my poor woman; I have out lust Uke him at home."—Argonaut American Duelling  The years which separate us Americans from duelling are (ewer than tnost of us realize. The late Prof. 3haler's Autobiography, now running !n the Atlantic, has this amusing reminiscence:The first occasion was when a silly cousin t>t mine with too much wine 'n him challenged a well known duelist. James Jackson, who as a general fell at Perryvllle. Fortunate)" I knew Jackson as well as, ab« of Bighteen may know a man ot ' ,fa» his years. I made my plea to him >.o give my kinsman an easy way out. \t first he wan obdurate, saying that he would have his life—he had, in* leed, reason to be vexed—but In the end he told his second to "fix it up" with me. My good, I may say Indeed affectionate, relations with Jackson had begun a year before in a like absurd business in a ball room In Frankfort. I had accidentally, stepped into the mess made on the floor by the breaking of a bottle ot shampagne, which he as manager was trying to have cleaned up. With a sharp word, he pushed me aside; my, new found manly dignity was offended; so therefore, as usual in such cases, I asked him for his card. His answer was: "I beg your pardon, my dear sir, I took, you for a boy." We both saw the fun of the situation and became friends. He was one of the glorlee of this world, he lifted my eense of what it was to be a man— the ancient type of gentleman. WISE WORDS. Age brings wisdom, but the trouble 1 Iβ it doesn't leave us much time to 1 use It. The thief generally Buffers in the end. Even the fellow who steals a ! kiss may be obliged to marry the girl. The easier tho job, the harder to I get it. This illustrates the perversity, I of existence. Even when some follows land In 9 Jail they expect their friends to help ■ them out. ~"fWM Putting it on ice won't always keep a secret. a The man whgiavtf♦* twice doean't Some youna me*  on their knei and some on their '*) uppers.  j. It seems strange that when a girl, ;S Iβ sweet there' should be no flies ©a 7 Many a mad ta rich In experience who can't raise the price of a meal. b If It wasn't for the word "obey" ' the average groom wouldn't know • he was at his own wedding. , Love is blind. That Iβ, it la born 9 blind, but It soon gets Its eyes open. Too many people mistake an excuse for a reason. The people who are looking for ) trouble deserve all that is coming i to them. i The flatterer is always sure of his 1 audience. The harder you are to please, the ' less your friends will try. 1 The proof of the pudding may also j be in the amount left over. : Many a man gives himself away, I who isn't an advocate of free speech. A woman's idea of a good likeness Iβ one that looks just like she thinks she looks. Troubles too often come disguised. Many a chaperon develops into a match-maker. There is an old saying to the effect i that you can reach a man's heart through his stomach. I wonder If the missionaries who go to the cannibal islands over think of that.— From the "Oentle Cynic," in the New York Times. Quick Work. He had made his "pile" very quickly, and chiefly by plunging. Not long ago he visited the little town where 1 he was born and brought up. Hβ was in too much of a hurry to stay long. In point of tact, his stay lasted five hours. The newspaper next day came out with this brief table of his activities while In his home town. It is significant and doubtless characteristic.' Called on his old mother. Got shaved by the town barber, and gave him a $10 gold piece. Threw showers of quarters and half dollars to the street boys. Was run home by a curious crowd. Bought a stock farm for $25,000 ! and gave It to an old friend. ] ■ Visited the Home for Boys, which [ he founded when he first made his J money. Yelled at the son of a friend to ' come and go to Europe with him, and took him along. Lett for the coast at midnight with his wife and son, after one of the greatest days of his life.—Youth's ' Companion. ,1 In Qreat Britain there are 2,000.« 1 000 trade unionist*. KE flr*t 411 h*""**  1 irffl^dwrrytrw.ffl